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WhenWritten: ThedateofthebookofJudgescanbesetwith  Z  fairaccuracy.Sincethebookisacontinuationofhistoryfollowing z"  thebookofJoshuaitisobviousthatitwaswrittenafterthedeath B  Joshua,orafter1421BC.      Itwaswrittenevenlaterthanthis,forJudges18:1and19:1imply z thattherewasakinginIsraelatthetimeofwriting.Thatwould B necessitateadateof1095BCorlater. b    BaseduponJudges1:21,29,itisbelievethatthebookwas * writtenabout1000BC.ThatwouldbeduringthelifetimeofSamuel  andthereignofthekings.Thereisneitheraninspiredstatementnor b animplicationastotheplaceofcomposition. *    WhyWritten: ThebookofJudgesischieflyahistoryofthe J Jewsunder13ofthe15judges:Othniel,_Ehud_,_Shamgar_,Deborah,  Gideon,_Abimelech_,Tola,_Jair_,Jephthah,_Ibzan_,Elan,_Abdon_Ԁand  Samson.EliandSamuelarefoundinthebookofFirstSamuel. J   Weseeacycleoffourstagesofbehaviorthatthepeopleofthe j timeoftheJudgescontinuallyrepeated:(1)sin,(2)oppression,(3) 2 repentance,and(4)deliverance.    ThebookseemstohavebeenwrittentogivetheJewsahistory j  oftheirlifeinthepromisedland.However,themessagethatseems 2! prominentis:ObeyGodandenjoyblessings;disobeyGodandsuffer R" oppression.Itisalsoseenthatpeoplecan,andoftendo,departfrom # God.Therehasalwaysbeenaneedforsomeonelikethejudgesto $ callGod'speoplebacktoHim. R%    Lesson: LetusrememberthatwecanfallfromGod'sgrace(cf. r & alsoHebrews12:15).Maywerealizethatrepentanceisnecessary :!' whenwefallandthatrepentanceandobediencewillbring "( deliverance. "r )   #:!*  @ & RUTH  X    Author: The4chapterbookofRuthdoesnotcontainthename  ofitsauthor.Therefore,wecannotspeakwithanycertainty,butmost  scholarsthinkSamuelpennedthebook. H HH   Situation: ThebookisanotherimportantpartofJewishhistory. X ItgivesalinkintheseedlineofthecomingChrist.Perhapsthispart x  ofJewishhistorypertainingtothecomingChristismostmemorable @ becauseitispresentedasalovestory.Thereispicturedaloving    husband,_Elimelech_,inatimeoffamine(1:1),alovingwifewhowas  x  supportiveofherhusband'smove(1:4),twolovingsons,_Mahlon_Ԁand  @  _Chilion_Ԁ(1:1,2)whobecamehusbands(1:4),andtwoloving `   daughtersinlaw,_Orpah_ԀandRuth(1:614). (    However,theprimarylovestoryhastodowiththeloveofRuth   forhermotherinlaw(1:1422).Thelovewasrepaidwithahusband,  `  _Boaz_,andtheblessingofbearingachildwhowouldbeintheseed (  lineoftheChrist(4:1722).Howthisbriefbitofhistorymusthave H  thrilledtheJewswhentheyheardandreadit.    HH  WhenWritten: TheeventsofthebookofRuthtookplace   duringtheperiodoftheJudges(verse1says XXy   X@Xy"whenthejudges  ruled"X@X@XXX X@XX   )andhenceit'slocationintheOldTestamentfollowingthat ^ book.Ruth4:1722givesanabbreviatedgenealogyfrom_Pharez_Ԁto , David.DavidwasthesecondofIsrael'skingsundertheunited L kingdom(1Samuel9:27;10:1;15:1,12,13).ThusDavidhadbeen  bornatthetimethebookwaswrittendown.Withthesefactswecan  datethewritingofthebookofRuthtoaround1100BC.Thelast L versesofthebookdateitscompositioninthedaysofSamuelwhom l webelievetohavepenneditbyinspiration. 4  HH  WhyWritten: Thereisnostatedpurposewithinthebookitself, D however,weseeonethingthatismostimportantinformationabout    thelineageoftheChrist.God'sprovidenceisseeninHiscareforthe |! seedthroughwhichJesuswouldcome.(CompareMatthew1:56,  D" "And_Boaz_Ԁbegat_Obed_ԀofRuth;and_Obed_ԀbegatJesse;andJesse d # begatDavidtheking." MatthewgoesontoshowthatChristcame ,$ throughthatline(cf.Matthew1:16).WhatGodhaspromisedHeis % ableandfaithfultodo. d&  HH  NewTestamentTies: Matthew1:5referstoRuth4:1317and t( sodoesLuke3:3132.Theprinciplesoffamilytiesexemplifiedin  <) Rutharemagnifiedinthesecondcovenant.Itservesasanexample \!* ofGod'slovefortheGentilesalso. $"+   |$$". _YIEz h p Xxx<@EXX$LXX$ ` p` pXpXp̀@f f *h HistoricalOutline     XpXp` p` p I.0  SocialandReligiousDecayaftertheDaysofJoshuaffGppp12  @ HH  1.0  Failures 4  `      d  h   EpppCh.1 P   2.0  Compromise,Departures,God'sAnger  EpppCh.2    3.0  Heathenscourges,ReligiouspoliticalcyclesEppp3:14    II.0  Oppressionsand Deliverers?ppp3:516:31  p   HH  1._Mesopotamians_  1.OthnielffDp3:511  (    2._Moabites_ 4  `  2._Ehud_Cp3:1230 H    3.Philistines 4  `  3._Shamgar_  Fp3:31     4._Canaanites_Ԁ 4  `  4.DeborahApch.45            4  `  5._Barak_ d  h  H    5._Midianites_ 4  `  6.Gideon d ~~@pch.610 h           4  `  ?._Abimelech_Ԁ(?) 0           4  `  7.Tola           4  `  8._Jair_ h   6.Ammonites 4  `  9.Jephthah?pch.1112 0          4  `  10._Ibzan_ P          4  `  11._Elon_           4  `  12._Abdon_    7.Philistines 4  `  13.Samson?pch.1316 P          4  `  14.Eli@p(1Samuel) p          4  `  15.Samuel@p(1Samuel) 8  III.InsetsIncidentsoftheJudgesPeriod<pJudges1721 p HH   1.TheStateofReligionDepicted       a.  ReligionofMicahandhishouseofgodsDpch.17 H!     b.  Religionofthe_Danites_Dpch.18 h"   2.  TheStateofSocialLifeDepicted 0#     a.  Theoutrageof_Gibeah_Dpch.19 $     b.  CivilwarDpch.20 h%     c.  TheplightofBenjaminDpch.21 0&    (  @]] ApplicationsandLessonsFromtheBookofJudges  X 1.0  Judgesdepictsacycleofhistoryoftenrepeated:pp   a.0  ThepeoplefallawayfromGod(apostasy)Xpp   b.0  Godpermitsenemiestofalluponthem(oppression)x pp   c.0  UnderoppressionthepeoplerepentandcalluponGod @ (repentance)pp   d.0  Godcalledoutaleadertodeliver(deliverance)xpp 2.0  Nationaldecayandreligiousproblemswillalwayshappenwhen @ "Everymandoesthatwhichisrightinhisowneyes."(Judges `   17:6;21:25).(  pp   a.0  Todayinournation,everymanlargelydoesthatwhichis    rightinhisowneyesandnationaldecayhassetin. ` pp   b.0  Inreligiouscirclesnocentralsourceofauthorityis  (  recognized.H pp   c.0  "NokinginIsrael"wasthereasonfortheanarchyinIsrael.   GodwasstillKing,butwasn'trecognizedassuch.Thatisour   situationalsotoday.H pp 3.0  DifficultyledtheJewsbacktodependanceuponGodandwith h reneweddependanceuponGodtheycomprehendedtheneedfor 0 repentance.pp   a.0  Samson'scrywastypical(16:28).hpp   b.0  DifficultiesbecomeavenuesleadingbacktoGod.0pp 4.0  GodusesmentoachieveHiswill.Ppp   a.0  HeraisedupjudgesamongtheJews.pp   b.0  Heraiseduptheapostlesinfirstcentury.pp   c.0  God'sworkneedsgodfearingleaders.Ppp 5.0  "Inhisowneyes"isatroubleinthechurchtoday.ppp   a.0  TheJewssanklowerandlowerlivingtoowndesires.8pp   b.0  Christianssinklowerlivingtoowndesires.pp 6.0  LiketheJewswehavereceivedarichspiritualheritage.ppp   a.0  ThegenerationafterJoshua"whichknewnottheLord,nor 8 yettheworkswhichhehaddoneforIsrael."(Judges2:20)X pp   b.0  OurheritagebeganatPentecost,Acts2:42. !pp   c.0  Whatheritagewillwepassontoyoungergeneration?"pp 7.0  Ruth'schoicesetsbeforeusagreatexample(Ruth1:16)X#pp   a.0  ShechosethetrueGod"ThyGodshallbemyGod"x $pp   b.0  Shechosetherightpath"Whitherthou_goest_ԀIwillgo."@%pp   c.0  Shechoseagodlyhome"Wherethou_lodgest_ԀIwilllodge." &pp   d.0  Shechosegodlyassociates"Thypeopleshallbemypeople." x'pp   e.0  Shemadeawisechoiceapersonalchoiceadetermined !@( choiceandshewasrewardedforherchoice.#&q% XXp#